Real Estate · Tax
Tax Planning for Real Estate Investors & Sponsors
Depreciation, cost segregation, 1031 exchanges and passive loss planning, before you buy, sell or refinance.

Real estate tax

Tax planning for real estate investors, sponsors and developers

Greywood CPA plans taxes for real estate investors, sponsors and developers. Real estate has more planning room than almost any other business: depreciation, cost segregation, like-kind exchanges and how your activity is classified can change your tax bill by large amounts. Every plan is prepared and reviewed by a senior CPA.

Residential rental buildings are depreciated over 27.5 years and commercial buildings over 39 years, but a cost segregation study can move part of the cost into shorter lives. Rental losses are generally passive unless you qualify as a real estate professional. We model each option before you buy, sell or refinance.

Last reviewed: November 2026

Depreciation and cost segregation

Buildings are depreciated over 27.5 years (residential rental) or 39 years (commercial). A cost segregation study identifies parts of a property, such as certain fixtures, flooring and land improvements, that qualify for 5, 7 or 15-year lives, and those may also qualify for bonus depreciation. We coordinate with an engineering-based cost segregation provider and handle the tax reporting, including catch-up depreciation on properties you already own.

Like-kind exchanges (1031)

Selling investment real estate and buying replacement property through a qualified intermediary can defer the gain. The replacement property must be identified within 45 days and acquired within 180 days of the sale. Exchanges inside partnerships and syndications need extra planning, because individual partners can't easily exchange separately.

Passive losses and real estate professional status

  • Rental losses are generally passive and can offset only passive income
  • Up to $25,000 of losses may be allowed for active participants, phasing out at higher incomes
  • Real estate professionals, who spend more than half their working time and at least 750 hours a year in real property businesses, can treat qualifying rental losses as non-passive
  • Documenting hours matters, because this is a frequent IRS audit issue

The QBI deduction for rental real estate

Rental activity can qualify for the qualified business income deduction if it rises to the level of a trade or business. The IRS safe harbor, which generally requires 250 or more hours of rental services a year and separate books, gives a clear path for many owners. We test which properties qualify and document it.

Entity structure and holding properties

  • LLCs and partnerships for flexibility in allocations and distributions
  • Separate entities by property for liability and lender requirements
  • State pass-through entity tax elections where available
  • Planning the tax effect of refinancing, distributions and sales

Why real estate owners choose Greywood CPA

  • Fixed fee, agreed first. No hourly billing and no surprise invoices.
  • Senior people on your file. Every engagement is led by a senior professional and signed off by a CPA partner. Meet the team.
  • Licensed and registered. Virginia Board of Accountancy firm license #134961, AICPA member, with out-of-state registrations where required. See our credentials.

Related

Real estate tax FAQs

How long is rental property depreciated?

Residential rental buildings over 27.5 years and commercial buildings over 39 years. Land is not depreciated. A cost segregation study can move parts of the cost into 5, 7 or 15-year lives.

What are the 1031 exchange deadlines?

Replacement property must be identified within 45 days and acquired within 180 days after the sale of the relinquished property, using a qualified intermediary.

Who qualifies as a real estate professional?

Generally, someone who spends more than half of their working time and at least 750 hours a year in real property businesses in which they materially participate.

Can rental income qualify for the QBI deduction?

It can, if the activity is a trade or business. The IRS safe harbor, which generally requires 250 or more hours of rental services a year and separate records, helps many owners qualify.

How do your fees work?

We quote one fixed fee in writing before any work starts, based on the number of properties, entities and transactions involved.

Buying, selling or refinancing?

Talk to us before you close. A senior CPA will send a fixed-fee proposal within 1–3 business days.