Who needs one:
Private Companies — often required by lenders or investors when a full audit is not mandated. Common in loan covenants, credit agreements, and bonding requirements for smaller contracts.
Nonprofits — required by some state charity regulators at lower revenue thresholds, and by certain foundations or grantors that don't require a full audit but want some level of independent assurance.
HOAs & Condo Associations — required by some state laws or governing documents when annual revenues fall below the audit threshold but independent assurance is still expected by the board or unit owners.
Sources: National Council of Nonprofits, State Nonprofit Review Requirements; AICPA AU-C Section 930; applicable state HOA statutes.